A2: According to tradition, the Sultanate of Brunei ceded much of northern Borneo to the then-independent Sultanate of Sulu in the late 17th century in exchange for aid given during a civil war in Brunei.
Given the overlapping claims of Brunei and Sulu to northern Borneo, the British North Borneo Company signed agreements with both sultanates in and ceding responsibility for the area to the company. Unfortunately, the translations of the agreement of the Sultanate of Sulu did not match perfectly. The English version clearly states that the sultanate was ceding the territory to the British North Borneo Company in exchange for an annual payment of 5, Mexican pesos.
However, the version in Tausug, the language of Sulu, uses a word whose meaning is closer to lease. The arrangement was inherited by post-independence Malaysia which has continued to send annual payments to the descendants of the sultan of Sulu, insisting that they are indeed payments rather than rent. Manila instead insists that the title to northern Borneo should more properly have passed to the Philippines, of which Sulu is a part.
Q3: How has the Philippines reacted? The president also warned the sultan that an investigation has been launched to address his grievances, as well as a probe into the laws he and his followers have violated with their invasion of Lahad Datu. Once the violence erupted, Aquino sent Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario to meet with Malaysian government officials and find a peaceful resolution.
Justice Secretary Leila De Lima is reported to have been examining the liabilities of the armed followers because Manila does not have an official extradition treaty with Kuala Lumpur. The Philippine police are looking into possible members of the Royal Sulu Army and the degree of their involvement in the Sabah intrusion.
There are currently at least 10 Philippine Navy and Coast Guard vessels manning a blockade to prevent any other groups from crossing to Sabah. Q4: Will this affect larger Malaysian-Philippine relations? A4: Malaysia and Philippines are close partners on economic and security issues and the relationship between the two governments appears largely unaffected by the conflict.
However, people-to-people relations between the two countries could be hurt due to rising nationalist sentiment. Many are concerned about the , Filipinos living in Sabah , many of them poor and undocumented, who could be targeted in the assault or deported.
A5: If the conflict worsens, some speculate that Prime Minister Najib might use it as a justification to postpone the elections. Even if the fighting continues, some may rally to the government as a show of solidarity in a time of crisis. Sultan Esmail Kiram II was the leader of a sultanate in the southern Philippines that staged a invasion of a bustling Malaysian state and sparked a deadly security crisis. Although largely dismissed as a vestige from a bygone era, Kiram's Muslim sultanate, based in the southern Philippine province of Sulu, stirred up a crisis between Malaysia and the Philippines when his younger brother and about followers, dozens of them armed, barged into Sabah's coastal village of Lahad Datu in February Malaysia sent troops and launched airstrikes in weeks of sporadic fighting that killed dozens of people before the stand-off died down.
Kiram's brother, who led the invasion, returned to the southern Philippines, where he died last year of a heart attack. Malaysia has governed the resource-rich Sabah region of timber lands and palm oil plantations in northern Borneo as its second-largest federal state since the s. The Kirams claim that Sabah has belonged to their sultanate for centuries and was only leased to Malaysia, which they claim pays them a paltry annual rent. Malaysians maintain that the payments are part of an arrangement under which the sultanate ceded 28, square miles of Sabah territory to them.
The Kiram sultanate, which emerged in the s, became legendary for its far-reaching influence and its feared Tausug warriors. Chinese and European leaders once sent vassals to pay homage. The Sulu sultanate preceded the Philippines and Malaysia by centuries.
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